Canada In The Twentieth Century essays

Canada In The Twentieth Century essays Every country has a foreign policy. This is what is officially done by a government in its relations with other countries. Many Canadians believe that a truly independent Canada must develop a foreign policy that reflects Canadas national interests. While others hold the view that Canadians should develop a foreign policy based more on global concerns. The goals of foreign policy are to promote sovereignty, social justice, economic growth, and there are many others. I believe that the significant development of a global perspective is necessary to insure our sovereignty and unique identity. Canada has played an important role to reduce toxic gas emissions into the environment. For example, Canada has committed to the Kyoto Accord and has a plan to reduce Carbon dioxide emissions. Canada is concerned about the environmental affects on life around the world. We stress clean air and water; for example the government has created certain rules on more environment friendly cars to be manufactured. Canada has kept guard on the disposal of harmful materials, and wastes produced by nuclear plants around the globe. Canada has constructed national parks to preserve forests, wildlife, and has prohibited development in the area. For instance, Banff and Jasper National parks, and there are many others. The Canadian foreign policy is based on protecting human rights all over the world. We achieve social justice by decreasing poverty in developing countries, and creating more economic opportunities in these countries. For example, Canada doesnt do trade with countries that employ child labour. Canada has committed itself to peaceful democratic changes in developing countries, for instance in Afghanistan, Iraq, and many countries in Africa. Canada has contributed to bring democracy in South Africa, about 10 years ago, in countries such as Namibia, Ethiopia, Angola, Cambodia, and many others. ...

On The QT

On The QT On The QT On The QT By Sharon Opinions are divided on the origin of the expression on the QT, a slang expression which indicates that the subject under discussion is confidential. Most people agree that its simply an abbreviation of quiet, albeit a strange one, using the first and last letters. However, both the US and the UK claim first ownership of this phrase. US wordsmiths cite that countrys love of abbreviations, as evidenced by OK, PDQ and others, as evidence that on the QT fell into this tradition. The British claim comes via Robert Hendrickson, in The Facts on File Encyclopedia of Word and Phrase Origins. Hendrickson says that on the QT comes from a British ballad in 1870. However, this has been disputed as he provided no evidence for the claim. Back in the US, the Cambridge Jeffersonian of Ohio is reported to have published a vaudeville song from 1879 with the line: She tipples on the strict QT. George Moores A Mummers Wife seems to be the first place that the phrase appears in print. This was published in 1884. The phrase fell out of regular use for a while, then became popular once again as part of the tagline for LA Confidential in 1997: off the record, on the QT and very hush-hush. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the General category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Incorrect Pronunciations That You Should Avoid15 Words for Household Rooms, and Their SynonymsPeople vs. Persons

Analyzing and contrasting data mining based network intrusion Essay

Analyzing and contrasting data mining based network intrusion detection system - Essay Example The objective of this research is to acquire a better insight about Data Mining-Based Network Intrusion Detection Systems. In this present era the computers are sophistically connected to each other in a form of network. In such networks there is every possibility of intrusion to important data. In order to maintain the integrity, network data has to be secured. Electronic commerce (e-commerce) has made Internet usage most important part in everyone’s life and has become a major source of sending and receiving information. However, providing protection to the computers connected in a network is still a main issue to be tackled. In general, every organization wants their data to be safe and secure from the attackers. Information systems are easily accessible and can be intruded by the hackers over the internet if the networks are insecure. In this thesis, there are some procedures mentions for detecting network intrusions using data mining. This thesis also covers the different types of intrusions and justify how they can be best detected using available data mining tools. Data mining can be proved as a very useful method towards identifying any intrusion that might have taken place. The amount of extraction or hacking of data and intrusions are growing day by day. As a result, new intelligent Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are put in place to mitigate the intrusion and safeguard the data. Intrusion needs to be detected as we cannot stop intrusions but we can minimize them and stop hackers from threats. Declaration I certify that this thesis is carried out in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Computer Science, and has no contents copied from any external sources except for those whose references are made with in the text. ---------------------------------- ------------- Mohammed Altaf Ahmed khan Date Table of Contents List of Figures Figure 2.1: Transition from Data to Knowledge (Fayyad, Piatetsky and Smyth, 1996) 10 Figure 3.1 Snort High-Level Processing Stages (Wheeler, 2003)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦20 Figure 3.2 Bayesian Model Diagram Panda & Patra (2007)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.25 Chapter 1 Introduction In this age of the Information Revolution, there are obvious advantages that can be reaped from the vast and ever growing Internet Community in the web: 24/7 connectivity; robust e-commerce that simplified business transactions and operations; erasure of geographical separation and distance; and access to a multitude of modern means of communications. Yet, as benefits derived from being part of the Internet community are many to mention, one resounding concern that pervades this virtual world is security. Most, if not all, entities participating and part of the Internet world are on their toes, keeping their eyes over their own virtual place in the Internet. It can be said that SECURITY is one big important word in the Internet today. As of this press time, there are many unscrupulous entities that crowd the Internet and are ready to attack anyone and any site that has vulnerability in its network security setup. Since many e-commerce companies and enterprises depend on the Internet for its survival, it is not a surprise that there is a creation and formulation of different way to protect one’s network. Over the past couple of decades, techniques to secure network through latest technology have gained an importance and have proven to be a necessity to any entity maintaining and securing a network. The need for security has spawned in the creation and design of firewalls, cryptography, authentication and most of all intrusion detection systems. Among these security tools, network intrusion detection system holds a potential as a tool against computer crime. An intrusion detection system can simply be called the process of monitoring and an alyzing the events (ie. the traffic of packets going in and out of the network stream) that occurs in a computer system to enable to detect signs of security problems. Yet, as a network security technology tool, intrusion detecti

Aspects of Policing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Aspects of Policing - Research Paper Example In essence, the same words, "to serve and protect," might be on many police departments' patrol cars, but interpretation is left wide open to the many analysts engaged in the field. Body Traditionally, police officers have been viewed as soldiers engaged in a war on crime. This view has had the detrimental effect of focusing on ineffective strategies for crime control while resulting in a major cause of police violence and civil rights violations. The "war model" inaccurately portrays a ‘search and destroy’ mentality to banish crime, disorder, and the scourge of drugs (Byrne & Pease, 2008). According to DeParis (2000) it does not help that many police departments continue to use a bureaucratic, closed-system approach in an ever-changing and intrusive external environment. Such an environment results in an unstable situation (p. 108). Nevertheless, noteworthy changes in the policing philosophy have resulted in the movement towards community policing. Many feel that this m ovement is the result of police that have not been accountable to the community, but have served status quo interests. Researchers declare that the conversion from traditional policing to a community-oriented approach will be one of the most significant challenges affecting police organizations today (Gilling, 2007). With the help of responsible citizens and progressive police administrators there have been tremendous accomplishments in developing a form of policing that better meets the needs of the community. But Goldstein (2000) complains that the term "community policing" tends to be used indiscriminately to encompass the most ambitious project in policing to the most mundane, without regard for its true meaning. Politicians, administrators and police executives exacerbate the problem by misleading citizens into expectations that community policing will provide instant solutions not only for the problems of crime, disorder, and racial tension but for many of the other acute prob lems that plague the community as well. Of course, the failure of superficial programs with the community-policing label then adds to the frustration of not only the community, but also the police officers involved (Jean, 2007), One reaction in the law enforcement community has been to attempt definition and simplification of the community policing model. This presents a problem for such a complex process as policing. In fact, Goldstein (2000) argues, the field already suffers because so much in policing is oversimplified (p. 72). The criminal justice system has traditionally categorized and defined crime, violence, and disorder into simple convenient terms that act to disguise amorphous, complex problems. Oversimplification places a heavy burden on the police and complicates the police task. Goldstein (2000) explains that the police respond with such equally simplistic terms as "enforcement" and "patrol" in which the community is familiar but does not understand the methods they em brace or their value. Goldstein (2000) is concerned that if community policing is used as just another generic response or simplistic characterization of the police function this truly innovative approach will quickly lose credibility (p. 72) Another concern for police executives making the transition to community policin

Midsummer Nights Dream by Shakespeare Essay Example for Free

Midsummer Nights Dream by Shakespeare Essay A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare frequently explores the complex types of love. Love is timeless subject. It will forever be the theme of much popular entertainment and the source of conflict for many men and women. No one understands the theme of love greater than Shakespeare and therefore I will look at how conflict is developed through love in Midsummer Nights Dream At the start of the play, Shakespeare explores the theme of love through the characters Theseus and Hippolyta. Theseus seduces Hippolyta. I wound you with my sword and one by love The quote shows the conflict caused by love between Theseus and Hippolyta in form of a battle. Shakespeares purpose was to introduce the idea that love involves conflict through this scene. The audience begins to engage with the theme of love as it creates crises to the plot. This idea that love involves conflict is developed when Hermia and Lycander are bought in front of Theseus. Hermia wishes to marry her romantic love Lysander but her father Igneus has power over her as by law and paternal love. Shakespeare presents for us the conflict between eternal and romantic love. The course of true love never went so smooth-Lysander. This quote proves that love brings hard times and conflicts during its timeless life. The audience develops the theme of love and the conflict that can be caused by inter-relation of love. The conflict between relations of love is developed further as Helenas love for Demetrius is not returned to her but to her best friend Hermia. Shakespeare shows how the platonic love between Helena and Hermia suffers due to Helenas obsessive love towards Lysander and Hermias romantic love for Lysander. Sickness is catching, yours would I catch!-Helena to Hermia. The effect of this is that the audience presents himself/herself to believe if one love blooms, the other may suffer. In the middle of the play the conflict between love through reason and blind  love are clearly shown through characters Bottom and Titania. Titania, under the influence of the magic potion symbolizes love at first sight and falls in love with Bottom while Bottom symbolizes love for reason and fails to see why she loves him. Truth, reason, and love keep little company these days Through the quote Bottom describes the conflict which the two types of love have in that blind love masks and hides all reasons of love. Shakespeare shows the nonsense and humor of love at first sight. Conflicts in love in Midsummer Nights Dream are resolved in all happy endings; Theseus marries Hippolyta, 4 nobles married. This is where Shakespeare loses his reality because it is a play. A conflict caused by love lasts for a lifetime in reality but a play must end in with a happy ending as it is purely for entertainment and therefore Shakespeare finishes this way. We can argue that Shakespeare may have done this to show that loves other than reason are more common than reason. The theme of love causes many conflicts. It breaks friendships, paternal love, and romantic love. Even if the love is strong it can be broken. Shakespeare persuades audience that love for reason is less common but it is better for all the right reasons. Shakespeare uses love between characters to develop conflicts throughout A Midsummer Nights Dream

Comparing the poems Dulce Et Decorum Est and Anthem for Doomed Youth Es

Comparing the poems Dulce Et Decorum Est and Anthem for Doomed Youth, comment on the poet's use of language and poetic technique showing how successful he is in conveying his message. 'Comparing the poems 'Dulce Et Decorum Est' and 'Anthem for Doomed Youth', comment on the poet's use of language and poetic technique showing how successful he is in conveying his message. 'Comparing the poems 'Dulce Et Decorum Est' and 'Anthem for Doomed Youth', comment on the poet's use of language and poetic technique showing how successful he is in conveying his message. Wilfred Owen wrote both the poems 'Dulce Et Decorum Est' and 'Anthem for Doomed Youth' during the First World War. Wilfred Owen was a British poet born in 1893. He entered World War 1 (1914 - 1918) in October 1915 and fought as an officer in the battle of the Somme in 1916 but was hospitalised for shell shock in May 1917. Here he met Siegfried Sassoon, a poet whose anti-war works were in harmony with Owens concerns. Under Sassoon's care, Owen began producing the best work of his short career. His poems are suffused with the horror of battle and are a passionate expression of outrage at the horror and pity for the young soldiers sacrificed in it. Owen was awarded the military cross for serving in the war with distinction. He died one year after returning to battle and one week before the war ended in 1918. I believe that Owen wrote these poems because he wanted to tell people about the horrible things he has seen and been through. Also I believe he wrote them to deliver the truth to the people at home and to the people who were thinking of going to war because it was glorious. I don't think he was telling them not to go to war but to go to war... ...poems have a few differences, which make them contrast with each other. 'Anthem' is describing the funerals/burial of people at home and 'Dulce' is about the death on the battlefield. 'Anthem'is a reflective poem whereas 'Dulce' is very visual and extremely graphic giving it a deeper impact on the reader. 'Anthem' is written as a sonnet because it has 14 lines, 3 quatrains and one rhyming couplet. This immediately gave me the impression that the poem was softer than 'Dulce' (Which is written in free verse) because I tend to associate a sonnet with Romeo and Juliet, which is all about love. In conclusion I think that 'Dulce Et Decorum Est' effectively conveyed Owen's message to the reader because it was much more visually disturbing, and made you feel pity and sympathy for all the thousands of people who die like that in the wars we have had in the past.

“Macbeth” by William Shakespeare Essay

The plays of William Shakespeare definitely sustain their ability of staying relevant in today’s contemporary world. This can be seen in the play Macbeth by Shakespeare and the modern version of the play, Macbeth Retold, directed by Mark Brozel. The main issues of the texts include the inversion of the gender roles and how power and greed can take its wretched toll on people’s lives. Women still carry the expectations of being reliant on their husbands and there are certain power-hungry individuals that will do whatever it takes to reach the top of the leader board. These two texts contain various literary techniques such as imagery and sarcasm to support the themes mentioned. Shakespeare’s play, Macbeth, has a considerably interesting viewpoint on the gender roles as the women behave more masculine whilst the men are embodied in an inferior manner. The theme is represented by ‘Lady Macbeth’ who is quite a manipulative character. Lady Macbeth demonst rates the inversion of gender roles when she tells Macbeth to act more manly and asks the spirits to unsex her so she can be a man since she feels the need to compensate for Macbeth’s lack of masculinity. She is also seen to be quite a violent person with cruel intentions which is illustrated in the line, â€Å"I have given suck and know how tender ‘tis to love the babe that milks me- I would, while it was smiling in my face, have pluck’d my nipple from his boneless gums and dash’d the brains out had I sworn as you have done to this† (Act 1, Scene 7, Line 3). The literary technique used here is imagery as a full detailed idea is given of just how much aggression Lady Macbeth possesses to the point where she would brutally murder an innocent baby. The gender roles are reversed once again in the film, Macbeth Retold, focusing particularly on Lady Macbeth’s modern version Ella Macbeth. This is relevant to our time because it is reflecting the authority that women now have. Interestingly though, the play was written in the 17th century where women were expected to be silent and obedient to their husbands so maybe it could be considered that Shakespeare pa ved the way to the liberation of women. In the modern version Ella best demonstrates the theme when she pressures Joe Macbeth, modern version of Macbeth, into killing Duncan who takes the credit for Joe’s hard work as a chef in the restaurant. The evidence that this character illustrates this theme can be seen when she says â€Å"He milks you for everything you’ve got†¦no amount of money covers what you do for him†¦You’re too full of the milk of human  kindness Joe. Thank you, Duncan, for the slap on the back, I’m so very, very grateful†¦It is shaming to hear the truth Joe? What kind of man is it who doesn’t feel humiliated in the position you’re in. what kind of man is that?† The technique that Ella uses is sarcasm, which is shown when she insults Joe’s manliness and she asks him rhetorical questions that she already knows the answer to so she is mocking his intelligence. The theme of the destructiveness of power and greed is ever-present throughout the play, Macbeth. The character Macbeth craves success so much that it gets to the point where he is lead into a paranoid madness. The prophecies made by the witches are what sparked his ambitions for power. Macbeth doesn’t favour committing evil deeds as much as his wife Lady Macbeth but his burning desire for power and progression blinds his better judgement and he kills Duncan. After he has killed Duncan he displays imagery when describing his intentions, â€Å"†¦For mine own good all causes shall give away, I am in blood stepp’d in so far that, should I wade no more, returning were as tedious as go o’er† (Act 3, Scene 4, Line24). In this line Macbeth is making a comparison with his actions to that of wadding through a bloody river which also displays irony as his wicked action is murder which is associated with blood. He suggests that it’s impossible to stop onc e a man commits murder for their advantage. It is visible that Macbeth is becoming addicted to killing as it gives him a sort of ‘boastful high’ but this is short lived as his guilt sends him crazy and inevitably gets him killed as well. The same happens to Joe Macbeth in Macbeth Retold. The theme of power and greed is expressed in Macbeth Retold which is the retelling of the original Shakespeare play, Macbeth, but it is still seen everywhere from the media to the school ground as everyone wants to be at the top of the food chain. This is still relevant in today’s world through the businessmen and women who sabotage their ways towards a higher career position. The character that best demonstrates this theme is Joe Macbeth when he murders Duncan, and then Billy who he sees as a new threat, he does whatever it takes to reach his goal but ends up becoming engulfed in paranoia to the extent where he mistreats those who respected him. After a heated discussion Ella says to Joe â€Å"Men don’t run over by buses† which he then replies with, â€Å"No†. In the movie the technique used is the silence as the camera pans across their faces. This shows the suspense and tension present in the scene as they’d  just decided to go ahead with the plan to kill Duncan and get the restaurant. To conclude, William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth has endured the test of time and proven itself to still be relevant in our current day through the discussion of the themes of gender roles and power and greed. Both of these themes appear in the original version of the play, Macbeth, and a modern version, Macbeth Retold. The themes were presented in many ways in the texts through the use of literary techniques. In the original play, imagery and irony were used and in the modern film, sarcasm and suspense were used.

The Compare and Contrast Microsoft DOS with UNIX

As is suggestive of its name, an operating system (OS) is a collection of programs that operate the personal computer (PC). Its primary purpose is to support programs that actually do the work one is interested in, and to allow competing programs to share the resources of the computer. However, the OS also controls the inner workings of the computer, acting as a traffic manager which controls the flow of data through the system and initiates the starting and stopping processes, and as a means through which software can access the hardware and system software. In addition, it provides routines for device control, provides for the management, scheduling and interaction of tasks, and maintains system integrity. It also provides a facility called the user interface which issues commands to the system software. Utilities are provided for managing files and documents created by users, development of programs and software, communicating between users with other computer systems and managing user requirements for programs, storage space and priority. There are a number of different types of operating systems with varying degrees of complexity. A system such as DOS can be relatively simple and minimalistic, while others, like UNIX, can be somewhat more complicated. Some systems run only a single process at a time (DOS), while other systems run multiple processes at once (UNIX). In reality, it is not possible for a single processor to run multiple processes simultaneously. The processor of the computer runs one process for a short period of time, then is switched to the next process and so on. As the processor executes millions of instructions per second, this gives the appearance of many processes running at once. User programs are usually stored on a hard disk and need to be loaded into memory before being executed. This presents the need for memory management, as the memory of the computer would need to be searched for a free area in which to load a users program. When the user was finished running the program, the memory consumed by it would need to be freed up and made available for another user when required (CIT). Process scheduling and management is also necessary, so that all programs can be executed and run without conflict. Some programs might need to be executed more frequently than others, for example, printing. Conversely, some programs may need to be temporarily halted, then restarted again, so this introduces the need for inter-program communication. In modern operating systems, we speak more of a process (a portion of a program in some stage of execution (CIT, 3)) than a program. This is because only a portion of the program is loaded at any one time. The rest of the program sits waiting on the disk until it is needed, thereby saving memory space. UNIX users speak of the operating system as having three main parts: the kernel, the shell and the file system. While DOS users tend not to use the term kernel and only sometimes use the term shell, the terms remain relevant. The kernel, also known as the â€Å"Real Time Executive†, is the low-level core of the OS and is loaded into memory right after the loading of the BIOS whenever the system is started. The kernel handles the transfer of data among the various parts of the system, such as from hard disk to RAM to CPU. It also assigns memory to the various system-level processes that occur whenever the computer does anything. The kernel is also responsible for scheduling the CPU†s operations and for letting the shell access the CPU (PC Mag, 1). The shell is the visible user interface to the OS and is a program that loads on top of the operating system and offers users commands that lets them access the OS. Strictly speaking, the shell is an input utility that offers access to the operating system. Technically speaking, the shell, being a separate program, is not a part of the OS at all. In the UNIX world a number of shells are available, among them the Korn shell, the C-shell, the Bourne shell and the Bourne Again shell (yes, really). In DOS, the standard shell is COMMAND. COM, again nothing more than a program. As different versions of command. com came with different versions of DOS, each added new commands and new things that could be done by the user. For example, DOS 4†³s COMMAND. COM added theP switch to DEL to verify each deletion, and DOS 5†³s COMMAND. COM provided the ability to sort the output of the DIR command. An acronym for disk operating system, the term DOS can refer to any operating system, but is most often used as shorthand for MS-DOS. Originally developed by Microsoft for IBM, MS-DOS was the standard operating system for IBM-compatible computers. The initial version of DOS was somewhat uncomplicated and resembled another operating system called CP/M. Subsequent versions have become increasingly sophisticated, however DOS remains a 16-bit operating system without support for multiple users or multitasking. The earliest forms of DOS were crude and utilized only a few commands, but as computers became more advanced, so did DOS. By keeping up with technology, DOS was implemented into more â€Å"user friendly† operating systems. However, as more sophisticated operating systems were released, DOS became less important. Today, cyberpunks involved with the latest OS trends joke that DOS stands for ‘Dad†s Operating System†Ã¢â‚¬  (Comerford, 23). In 1980, IBM asked the Microsoft Corporation to produce the operating system for its first personal computer, the IBM PC. Prior to this, a company called Seattle Computer Products had sold an operating system called 86-DOS to Microsoft. Microsoft hired the author of 86-DOS, Tim Paterson, in April of 1981 to modify the system, and renaming it MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System), it was released with the IBM PC. Thereafter, most manufacturers of personal computers licensed MS-DOS as their operating system (Brittanica, 1). Limitations of the early PC†s hardware were a big influence on MS-DOS. Although the 8088 model computer had a 1Mb address space, IBM decided to allocate the first 640K of this to RAM, and the rest to ROMs, video boards and other things. Consequently, MS-DOS was set up to support programs whose maximum size was 640K. Version 1. 0 of DOS was released along with the IBM PC in August 1981. It occupied 12K of the systems 640K of memory, was somewhat compatible with CP/M and, much like CP/M, supported only a single directory. By contrast, even the first version of UNIX had a full hierarchical file system. In addition, Version 1. 0 supported only a 160K single sided 51/4-inch floppy diskette. Version 1. 1 was released by Microsoft in October 1982 and supported double sided 320K diskettes. Aside from fixing some bugs, this release was similar to Version 1. 0. Releases such as 1. 1, in which the number to the left of the decimal point is the same as the previous version depict relatively minor changes from the previous release. By contrast, Version 2. 0 was largely a new system. In March 1983, IBM introduced the PC/XT, its first personal computer with a hard disk. It came with a new variant of MS-DOS, Version 2. 0. In this version, Microsoft incorporated many ideas from the UNIX system for which it was also a vendor. For example, incorporating minor changes, the MS-DOS file system was taken largely from UNIX. In addition, the shell was improved, and Version 2. 0 supported a new floppy diskette format, the 360K as well as user installable device drivers, print spooling, system configuration and memory management. At this point, MS-DOS was established as the dominant operating system in PC market. In August 1984, IBM released its first 286 chip based PC, the PC/AT. The PC/AT supported memory up to 16 Mb and had the ability to run multiple programs at once. However, the version of MS-DOS that shipped with the PC/AT was 3. 0, which supported neither of these. Rather, it ran the PC/AT in a mode that simulated the 8088, only faster. Since the PC/AT came with a 1. 2Mb disk drive, battery backup clock, and configuration information in the CMOS, support for these devices was added. What's more, hard disks larger that 10Mb were now supported. In addition, the command processor (shell) was removed from the operating system and made into a separate program. In November 1984, 3. 0 was replace by 3. 1 which provided the first support for networking. In 1987, IBM came out with the PS/2 line of PC which shipped with MS-DOS 3. 3, providing support for both 720K and 1. 44Mb 31/3 floppy disk drives. With Version 4. 0, Microsoft added the DOS shell, a menu driven shell rather than the previous keyboard driven ones. In addition, it now provided support for hard drives larger than 32 Mb. A major new release, MS-DOS Version 5. 0 was shipped in April 1991. Although this was the first version that made any serious use of the extended memory, it still had the restrictions that programs could not exceed 640K. However, it had the ability to locate most of MS-DOS itself in extended memory, so about 600K of the lower 640K was now available for user programs. Version 5. 0 also came with a useful HELP utility, to aid new users. For the first time, MS-DOS was sold in stores to the public (previous versions were only sold to computer vendors who delivered them with their machines) (CIT, 1-3). The MS-DOS 6 family provided more memory management for applications such as Microsoft Windows. In addition, newer utilities were provided for disk-defragmentation, file compression, file backups and anti-virus checking. Other variations of MS-DOS exist, such as PC-DOS by IBM, DOS-V, Dr. DOS and others. There is even a FREE DOS available on the Internet as an MS-DOS clone. Although it can still be found on many computers, MS-DOS is technically an obsolete operating system, being replaced by Microsoft Windows. For personal computers, MS-DOS is a single user, single tasking operating system. Single user means only one person uses the computer at a time. Single tasking means that it essentially runs one application program at a time, and has no inherent support for running more than one application program simultaneously (CIT, 2). If we want to look at the basic DOS operating system itself, there is no need to look further than three system files, command. com, Io. sys and (in DOS6. x and earlier) Msdos. sys. These files are crucial in DOS versions up to 6. 22. Io. sys represents the lowest level of the interface and contains the routines necessary for interfacing the OS with the system†s BIOS. It implements MS-DOS as seen by the hardware and has default drivers for console display and keyboard, printer, serial communications, clock, and a boot disk drive. Msdos. sys handles the higher-level routines such as converting commands from applications into instructions for Io. sys. It implements MS-DOS as seen by application programs. It supports file and record management, memory management, character device input and output, execution of other programs, and access to a real-time clock (CIT, 3). Both of these files are in the root directory, and both are hidden from view by default. The idea is that you are not suppose to see them, so that you don†t do anything destructive to them (such as deleting them). They are also read-only so that they can†t be deleted accidentally. Command. com is the shell program which interprets user commands, presents the shell prompt, and contains a set of internal commands. The rest of MS-DOS consists of a number of utility programs. Although DOS had cornered the PC market, UNIX was still dominant on the larger workstations. The birth of UNIX in 1969 provided the world with its first modern operating system. An interactive multi-user operating system, UNIX was initially developed by programmers for their own use. Working for Bell Laboratories, Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie created UNIX as an operating system for the PDP-7 computer. Designed as a simplification of an operating system named Multics, UNIX was developed in Assembly language, a primitive computer language specific to one type of machine (Osiris, 1). However, Thompson developed a new programming language â€Å"B† which Ritchie enhanced to â€Å"C†, and in 1973 this was used to rewrite UNIX which lended the OS portability (Linux Intl. , 1). The original design philosophy for UNIX was to distribute functionality into small parts, the programs (Theochem, 1). In this way, functionality could be achieved by combining the small parts (programs) in new ways. Moreover, if a new program were to appear, it could be integrated into the system. UNIX was slow to catch on outside of academic institutions but soon was popular with businesses as well. The first five versions were part of an internal research effort of Bell Labs, and it was not until the sixth version, called UNIX Timesharing Sixth Edition V, that UNIX was widely distributed (Osiris, 1). Relatively recent developments are graphical interfaces (GUI) such as MOTIF, X Windows and Open View. UNIX has two major versions. One, jointly developed by UNIX Systems Laboratories (USL) and by AT&T researchers together with Bell Labs, generically known as System V, is the commercial version and is the most widely distributed by major manufacturers. The second, developed by the University of Berkley and Berkley Software Distribution (BSD), is the educational version and is completely focused on research. The USL version is now on its fourth release, or SVR4, while BSD†s latest version is 4. However, there are many different versions of UNIX besides these two. The operating system has been licensed to several manufacturers who in turn developed their own versions of UNIX, based on System V or BSD, but adding new characteristics. Most versions of UNIX developed by software companies are derived from one of the two groupings and, recent versions of UNIX actually incorporate features from both of them. However, UNIX has had an unregulated history with over 200 versions (Berson, 16) existing today. The UNIX system is made up of three primary components, the kernel, the shell, and the utilities (which includes the file system). The central part of the OS, the kernel is the first program to start when the system is turned on and the last program to do anything when the system is halted. In addition to scheduling tasks, it manages data/file access and storage, enforces security mechanisms and performs all hardware access. The name â€Å"KERNEL† represents the fact that it is a program designed as a central nucleus, around which other functions of the system were added. The heart of the operating system, it not only interacts directly with the system†s hardware, but presents each user with a prompt, interprets commands typed by a user, executes user commands and supports a custom environment for each user. The two most common shells are the Bourne shell, default for the System V, and the C-shell used mainly with the BSD version (Osiris, 1). The utilities consist of file management (rm, cat, ls, rmdir, mkdir), user management (passwd, chmod, chgrp), process management (kill, ps) and printing (lp, troff, pr).

I love you Essays

I love you Essays I love you Essay I love you Essay Worst Nightmare Dreams seem so real sometimes that you will wake up out of your sleep Just to make sure they arent real. Nightmares are the ones that really make you do it though. They are so scary. You can have a nightmare about a monster, someone dying, or maybe even somebody breaking into your house. I have had plenty of nightmares, but there is one that I really want to talk about. My all-time worst nightmare was my whole family dying. It was the scariest thing that has ever happened. Luckily it was Just a dream though. One night I was sleeping and I started to dream that me and my whole were going on a vacation in an airplane. I dont even know where we were going. We were flying on a private plan so we were all playing board games and Just laugh and having a good time. It was one of the best times because for the first time since I was little my WHOLE family was together. My family and I were so anxious to get where we were going. We were flying over the ocean and the plane started to rock. The pilot came on the loud speaker and said he was having technical difficulties, but everything would be okay. My family tried no to panic, but nobody likes to hear that Then the oxygen masks fell and the pilot asked us to place them on our faces. Everyone was panicking and I started to cry because I dont like scary situations. My mom and Dad were trying to comfort me but it wasnt working. All of a sudden the plane started rapidly going down. Then BOOM, we crashed! We crashed in to the water. All I remember is being the only one alive and the plane was in pieces. My family member were all dead, every single one of them, I was freaking out. I didnt know what to do. I was in the middle of the ocean with no way to call anyone, no boats around, no food or anything to drink, and I had no life Jacket all I could do was hold on to a piece of the plane. At that point, I woke up because it seemed so real. That was the worst nightmare Vive ever had because my family means the world to me. I cant lose them all at once. Im so glad it was Just a nightmare because I would be lost without my family. Nightmares are so scary. I never want to have another one. I love you By evocable 234

Rumble in the Jungle

Rumble in the Jungle On October 30, 1974, boxing champions George Foreman and Muhammad Ali faced off in Kinshasa, Zaire in â€Å"the Rumble in the Jungle†, an epic match widely recognized as one of the most important sporting events in recent history. The venue, the politics of the two fighters, and the efforts of its promoter, Don King, made this heavy-weight championship into a fight over competing ideas of black identity and power. It was a multi-million dollar anti-colonial, anti-white dominance exhibition, and one of the grandest spectacles of Mobutu Sese Seko’s long reign in the Congo. The Pan-Africanist versus the All American The â€Å"Rumble in the Jungle† came about because Muhammad Ali, the former heavy-weight champion, wanted his title back. Ali opposed the American Vietnam War, which he saw as another manifestation of white oppression of other races. In 1967, he refused to serve in the US Army and was found guilty of draft evasion. In addition to being fined and jailed, he was stripped of his title and banned from boxing for three years. His stance, though, earned him the support of anti-colonialists world-wide, including in Africa. During Ali’s ban from boxing, a new champion emerged, George Foreman, who proudly waved the American flag at the Olympics. This was a time when many other African-American athletes were raising the black power salute, and white Americans saw Foreman as an example of powerful, but unthreatening black masculinity. Foreman supported America, because he himself had been lifted out of grinding poverty by governmental programs. But for many people of African descent, he was the white man’s black man. Black Power and Culture From the start the match was about Black Power in more ways than one. It was organized by Don King, an African-American sports promoter in an era when only white men managed and profited from sporting events. This match was the first of King’s spectacle prize fights, and he promised an unheard of $10-million-dollar prize purse.   King needed a wealthy host, and he found it in Mobutu Sese Seko, then leader of Zaire (now known as the Democratic Republic of the Congo). In addition to hosting the match, Mobutu brought in some of the most renowned black musicians in the world at that time to perform in a massive three-day party to coincide with the fight. But when George Foreman was injured in training, the match had to be postponed. All those musicians could not postpone their performances, though, so the concerts ended up being held five weeks before the fight itself, to the disappointment of many. Still the match and its fanfare were a clear statement about the value and beauty of black culture and identity. Why Zaire? According to Lewis Erenberg, Mobutu spent   $15 million dollars on the stadium alone. He got assistance, reportedly from Liberia, for the music concerts, but the total sum spent on the match is equal to at least $120 million dollars in 2014, and probably far more. What was Mobutu thinking in spending so much on a boxing match? Mobutu Sese Seko was known for his spectacles with which he asserted the power and wealth of Zaire, despite the fact that by the end of his rule, most Zairians were living in deep poverty. In 1974, though, this trend was not yet as evident. He had been in power for nine years, and during that time Zaire had witnessed economic growth. The country, after initial struggles, appeared to on the rise, and the Rumble in the Jungle was a party for Zairians as well as a massive marketing scheme to promote Zaire as a modern, exciting place to be. Celebrities like Barbara Streisand attended the match, and it brought the country international attention. The new stadium gleamed, and the match drew favorable attention. Colonial and Anti-Colonial Politics At the same time, the very title, coined by King, â€Å"the Rumble in the Jungle† reinforced images of Darkest Africa. Many Western viewers also saw the large images of Mobutu displayed at the match as signs of the cult of power and sycophantism they expected of African leadership. When Ali won the match in the 8th round, though, it was a victory for all those who had seen this as a match of white versus black, of establishment versus an anti-colonial new order. Zairians and many other former colonial subjects celebrated Ali’s victory and his vindication as the heavy weight champion of the world. Sources: Erenberg, Lewis A. â€Å"Rumble in the Jungle†: Muhammad Ali vs. George Foreman in the Age of Global Spectacle.Journal of Sport History  39, no. 1 (2012): 81-97. https://muse.jhu.edu/  Journal of Sport History 39.1 (Spring 2012) Van Reybrouck, David. Congo: The Epic History of a People. Translated by Sam Garrett. Harper Collins, 2010.   Ã‚   Williamson, Samuel. Seven Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a U.S. Dollar Amount, 1774 to present, MeasuringWorth,  2015.

Creativity in a Business Context Report '' set up a new uk events Essay

Creativity in a Business Context Report '' set up a new uk events managament company'' (motivation, ledrship and pay) - Essay Example It is true that skilled and experienced employees can be considered as important assets of an organization. Employee motivation can be considered as an important aspect that needs to be considered by an organization. Effective employee motivation can enhance the entire workplace performance as well as business performance of an organization. An organization can ensure effective employee motivation through significant leadership style of the organizational leader. In addition to this, the Royal Planner is also suffering from the workplace conflicts that have been developed due to the inadequate compensation distribution process. Several employees within the organization are trying to leave the organization due to lack of motivation and unequal compensation distribution issue. This essay will try to investigate the problem. Moreover, the essay will discuss about the problems that are facing by the organization. It is highly important for the organization to adopt and implement an effec tive creative problem solving model in the business operation process to overcome the process. Lastly, the organization will evaluate the usefulness of the theories of creativity in supporting the programme of recommended work. It is highly important for Royal Planner to identify the issues and problems that are affecting the business performance of the organization. The organization is facing several workplace related issues. Lack of employee motivation, inadequate payment distribution and poor leadership quality affected the business performance of Royal Planner. Parnes-Osborn’s CPS model and technique can be implemented in order to investigate the problems and issues. First of all it is highly important to identify the real issues (Abott, 1988, pp.65). It will help the researcher to adopt and implement effective and appropriate CPS Model that can help the organization to overcome the recent issues. It is clear from the above discussion